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Profit and loss

Formulae:-

Gain = Selling Price(S.P.) - Cost Price(C.P) 
Loss = Cost Price (C.P.) - Selling Price (S.P)
Gain % = Gain x 100 / C.P.
Loss % = Loss x 100 / C.P 
S.P. = [(100 + Gain%)/100] x C.P 
S.P. = [(100 - Loss%)/100] x C.P 
C.P. = [100/ (100 + Gain%) ] x S.P 
C.P. = [100/ (100 - Loss%) ] x S.P 
When a person sell two similar items , one at a gain of say x% , and other at a loss of x% then the seller always incure a loss given by - Loss % = ( Common loss & gain % / 10 )2 
If a trader professes to sell his goods at cost price , but uses false weight , then Gain% = [ Error / (True value – Error ) ] x 100 %

TRUE DISCOUNT 
Ex. Suppose a man has to pay Rs. 156 after 4 years and the rate of interest is 14% per annum. 
Clearly, Rs. 100 at 14% will amount to R. 156 in 4 years. So, the payment of Rs. now will clear off the debt of Rs. 156 due 4 years
hence. We say that: Sum due = Rs. 156 due 4 years 
hence: Present Worth (P.W.) = Rs. 100; 
True Discount (T.D.) = Rs. (156 - 100) = Rs. 56 = (Sum due) - (P.W.) 
We define: T.D. = Interest on P.W.; 
Amount = (P.W.) + (T.D.)    


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